HISTORY (VI)-LESSON-2
FROM HUNTING–GATHERING TO GROWING FOOD
(QUESTION ANSWER)
_______________________________________________________________________
NCERT QUESTION
1. COMPLETE THE
SENTENCES:
1. Hunter-gatherers
chose to live in caves and rock shelters because………………
2.
Grasslands
developed around……….. years ago.
Answer:
1.
they wanted to
protect themselves from wild animals and bad weather.
2.
12,000
2. Why
do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?
Answer: People who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time to look after plants-protecting them from birds, animals and their other fellows so that they could grow and crops or seeds could-ripen safely.
3. 3. Why do archaeologists think that many people
who lived in Mehrgarh were hunters to start with and that herding became more
important later?
Answer: On excavation, archaeologists have found
bones of wild animals in the lowermost levels. On upper levels, they found
cattle bones. This means that hunting wild animals was important much before
herding was.
1.
If they stayed
at one place for a long time, they would have eaten up all the available plant
and animal resources. Therefore, they went to another place for more food.
2.
Animals move
from place to place. Humans followed them as they hunted them.
3.
Plants and
trees bear fruit in different seasons. So when season changed, people moved to
another place.
4.
In search of
water, people travelled from place to place. Water is necessary for survival.
However, nowadays we travel
for different purposes, like:
1. Education. We travel to schools.
2. Work. We travel to work.
3. Business. People travel from place to place
for business purposes.
4. Entertainment. We travel from one place to
another to amuse and entertain ourselves, like going to a circus, a zoo or
sightseeing.
1.
Hunter-gatherers
used fire as a source of light.
2.
They used fire
to cook meat or food.
3.
They used fire
to scare away animals also.
4.
Fire keeps him
or her warm.
Yes, fire is used as a
source to cook food including meat. We also use it to keep us warm. Some people
use it for religious purposes and bum their dead bodies.
6. List three
ways in which the lives of farmers and herders would have been different from
that of hunter-gatherers.
Answer: The lives of
farmers and herders had been different in the following ways:
1.
They started
leading a settled life instead of a nomadic life, like that of
hunter-gatherers.
2.
They became
food producers instead of food gatherers. The domestication of plants and
animals became part and parcel of the people of the Neolithic stage.
3.
Different types
of houses were built by farmers and herders. They used tools of different forms
from the earlier Palaeolithic stage people. These include tools that were
polished to give a fine cutting edge and mortars and pestles used for grinding
grain and other plant produce.
4.
Generally,
farmers ate cooked and well-prepared foods, while on the other hand
hunter-gatherers ate uncooked and raw food.
OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Choose the
correct option to complete the statements given below:
II. Fill in the
Blanks
Fill in the
blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:
1.
Hunter-gatherers
lived around …………. years ago.
2.
The
hunter-gatherers moved from place to place on ………….
3.
Techniques
used for making stone tools were ……… and …………
4.
The fire
was used as a source of…………..
5.
The
climate of the world changed to…….. conditions around 12,000 years ago.
6.
The
Palaeolithic Age was followed by the ……… Age.
7.
Tools in
Hunsgi were made from …………. which was available ……….
Answer:
1.
two million
2.
foot
3.
stone on stone,
pressure flaking
4.
light
5.
relatively warm
6.
mesolithic
7.
limestone,
locally.
(i)
Some rivers are perennial while others are seasonal.
(ii)
Tools of wood have survived better than tools of stone.
(iii)
The sites where hunter-gatherers lived were close to water.
(iv)
Hunsgi was located in the present-day Madhya Pradesh
(v)
Man led a well-settled life by Palaeolithic Age.
Answer:
(i)
– T
(ii)
– F
(iii)
– T
(iv)
– F
(v)
– F.
V. Very Short
Answer Type Questions
13. Why do
farmers grow some crops in some areas/ and not in other areas?
Answer: Farmers do this
because different plants grow in different conditions.
14. Which was
the first animal to be tamed?
Answer: The first animal to
be tamed was the wild ancestor of the dog.
15. Which
animals were considered relatively gentle?
Answer: Sheep, goat,
cattle, and pig were considered relatively gentle.
16. Mention the
two purposes for which grains had to be stored.
Answer: Grains had to be
stored for food and seed.
17. What did
people do to store grains?
Answer: People made large
clay pots or wove baskets, or dug pits into the ground.
18 . Name some
important sites where archaeologists have found evidence of farmers and
herders.
Answer: These sites can be
found in the north-west, in present-day Kashmir and in east and South India.
19. How do
scientists help in finding out whether the discovered sites were settlements of
farmers and herders?
Answer: Scientists study
evidence of plants and animal bones, in order to find out whether the
discovered sites were settlements of farmers and herders.
20. Name two
sites found in Andhra Pradesh.
Answer: Two sites found in
Andhra Pradesh are :
(i) Paiyampalli
(ii) Hallur.
21. What were
pit-houses and where have they been found?
Answer: Pit-houses were
built by people by digging into the ground, with steps leading into them. They
have been found in Burzahom.
22. Name two
Neolithic tools which are used to grind grain even today.
Answer: Mortars and pestles
are Neolithic tools used even today for grinding grain.
23. What are
‘tribes’ in the context of farmers and herders?
Answer: Farmers and herders
usually lived in groups and these groups are called tribes.
24. Give one
feature houses in Mehrgarh.
Answer: Houses at Mehrgarh
were usually square or rectangular.
25. Why were
people buried with animals, like goats?
Answer: Dead people were
buried with goats, which were supposed to serve as food after death.
VI. Short
Answer Type Questions
(ii) Pressure flaking. In
this technique, the pebble or core was placed on a firm surface. The hammer
stone was used on a piece of bone or stone that was placed on the core, to
remove flakes that could be shaped into tools.
It is likely that both men
and women may have done many of the work like hunting, gathering plant produce,
etc. together.
It is also possible that
some tasks were done only by women and others only by men. And again, there
could have been different practices in different parts of the sub-continent.
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