GEOGRAPHY (VIII)-LESSON-3
MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES
(QUESTION ANSWERS)
_______________________________________________________________________
(NCERT EXERCISE)
1.
Answer the following questions.
(i)
Name any three common minerals used by you every day?
Answer:
Salt, petroleum and gold are the common minerals that are used by humans on a
regular basis.
(ii)
What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
Answer:
Ores are the rocks which are mined to extract minerals from them. Minerals
occur in different types of rocks. Some are found in igneous rocks, some in
metamorphic rocks, while others occur in sedimentary rocks. The ores of
metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form
large plateaus.
(iii)
Name two regions rich in natural gas resources?
Answer: The United Kingdom and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas. Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oil is brought to the surface. It is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.
(iv)
Which sources of energy would you suggest for (a) rural areas (b) coastal areas
(c) Arid regions?
Answer:
(a)
In rural areas – coal, solar energy, bio-gas and firewood can be used as
sources of energy.
(b)
In coastal areas – wind power, petroleum and tidal power can be used.
(C)
In arid areas, geothermal powers and solar energy are the most suitable sources
of energy to be used.
(v)
Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
Answer:
Switching off the lights, TV and electric fans, when they are not in use.
Closing
the tap properly, so that it does not drip
Using
pressure cooker for cooking
Walking
or using bicycles for short distance commutes.
Minimizing
the use of refrigerators, air conditioners and lifts.
2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i)
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a)
They are created by natural processes.
(b)
They have a definite chemical composition.
(c)
They are inexhaustible.
(d)
Their distribution is uneven.
Answer:
(c) They are inexhaustible
(ii)
Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a)
Bolivia
(b)
Ghana
(c)
Zimbabwe
(d)
Chile
Answer:
(d) Chile
(iii)
Which one of the following practices will NOT conserve LPG in your kitchen.
(a)
Cooking food in an open pan, kept on low flame.
(b)
Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it.
(c)
Cooking food in a pressure cooker.
(d)
Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking.
Answer:
(a) Cooking food in an open pan, kept on low flame
3.
Give reasons.
(i)
Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
Answer:
Construction of a huge dam creates large scale destruction of natural
vegetation and wildlife in those areas, which get submerged. This is not good
for the ecosystem. Hence, environmental aspects must be carefully looked into,
before building huge dams.
(ii)
Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
Answer:
Coal is an important source of energy and hence most of the industries are
located around coal mines.
(iii)
Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”.
Answer:
Petroleum is a thick black liquid and is a valuable resource for various
industries. Hence, it is also known as “Black Gold”.
(iv)
Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.
Answer:
Quarrying creates many problems. Fine dust particles spread in the air around a
quarrying site. Dust particles from quarry can cause respiratory problems.
Quarrying also destroys natural vegetation and thus the home of many wild
animals.
4.
Distinguish between the following.
(i)
Conventional and non conventional sources of energy
Answer:
Conventional sources of energy are those which have been in common use for a
long time. Firewood and fossil fuels are the two main conventional energy
sources. Whereas, Non-Conventional sources of energy are alternative forms of
energy used in modern times. The use of renewable energy sources like organic
waste, tide and wind energy come under non-conventional energy sources.
(ii)
Biogas and natural gas
Answer:
The gaseous fuel formed from the conversion of organic waste such as dead
plant, animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste is called biogas. Biogas
is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide and produces a huge amount of
organic manure each year. Whereas, natural gas is extracted with petroleum
deposits when crude oil is brought to the surface.
(iii)
Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
Answer:
Ferrous minerals contain iron such as iron ore, manganese and chromites. On the
other hand, non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron like gold, silver, copper
or lead.
(iv)
Metallic and non-metallic minerals
Answer:
Metallic minerals contain metal in raw form. Bauxite and manganese are some
examples of metallic minerals. While metals such as limestone, mica and gypsum
do not contain metals elements and are called as Non-metallic minerals.
OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Choose the correct option.
(i) Which of these is a non-metallic mineral?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Bauxite
(c) Limestone
(d) Manganese ore
(ii) Which continent produces more than half of the
world’s tin?
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) Europe
(d) South America
(iii) Which continent is the leading producer of
iron ore in the world?
(a) North America
(b) Asia
(c) Europe
(d) Australia
(iv) Which state is a major bauxite producing area?
(a) Goa
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Assam
(d) Tamil Nadu
(v) What is the name given to the electricity
produced from coal?
(a) Nuclear power
(b) Thermal power
(c) Fossil fuel
(d) None of these
(vi) Which of these is a conventional source?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Natural gas
(d) All of these
(vii) Which of these is called buried sunshine?
(a) Petroleum
(b) Coal
(c) Solar energy
(d) Tidal energy
Answer:
(i) (c), (ii) (b), (iii) (c), (iv) (b), (v) (b),
(vi) (d), (vii) (b).
Question 2.
Fill in the blank spaces given to complete each
sentence.
1 .
Metallic
minerals are classified into …………….. and ………….
2.
Gold and
silver are …………. minerals.
3.
Minerals
can be extracted by ………….,…………., or …………
4.
Deep bores
dug to reach mineral deposits are called …………
5.
Metallic
minerals are generally found in ……….. and…………..rock formations.
6.
The
mineral deposits in North America have located in three zones: …………… the
Appalachian region and the mountain ranges of the West.
7.
…………… is
the largest producer of bauxite in the world.
8.
…………. is
the most abundantly available fossil fuel.
9.
Petroleum
is drilled from ………
10. Bhakra Nangal is an important …………….. station in
India.
11. …………… and……… are radioactive metals.
Answer:
1.
ferrous,
non-ferrous
2.
non-ferrous
3.
mining,
drilling, quarrying
4.
shafts
5.
igneous,
metamorphic
6.
the Canadian
region north of the Great Lakes
7.
Australia
8.
Coal
9.
Oil fields
10. hydel power
11. Uranium, thorium.
Question 3.
State whether each of the following statements is
true (T) or false (F).
1.
All ores are
rocks but all rocks are not minerals.
2.
Quarrying is
good for the environment.
3.
Mineral fuels
like coal and petroleum are found in sedimentary strata.
4.
Coal is more
predominant in the Canadian Shield Region than the Appalachians.
5.
Chile and Peru
are leading producers of copper.
6.
Kolar in
Karnataka has large deposits of silver.
7.
Copper is an
element used in almost everything.
8.
Bauxite is the
ore of aluminium.
9.
Nuclear power
can be produced from the nuclei of most elements.
Answer:
1.
Ture
2.
False
3.
Ture
4.
False
5.
True
6.
False
7.
True
8.
True
9.
False
1. What is a mineral?
Answer: A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical
composition is a mineral.
2. What is meant by a rock?
Answer:
A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals but without definite composition
of constituent of mineral.
3. Define open-cast mining.
Answer:Minerals
that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer; this is
known as open- caste mining.
4. What does the term quarrying mean?
Answer:
Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out by the process known as
quarrying.
5. Which country has no known mineral deposit
in it?
Answer:
Switzerland has no known mineral deposit in it.
6. Name the two countries of Asia that have
large iron ore deposits.
Answer:
China and India have large iron ore deposits.
7. How is salt obtained?
Answer:
Salt is obtained from seas, lakes and rocks.
8. Where are the oldest-rocks in world located
in?
Answer:
The oldest rocks in the world are in western Australia.
9. Define Geothermal energy.
Answer:
Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.
10. What is Biogas?
Answer:
Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material and dung and kitchen waste
can be converted into gaseous fuel called Biogas.
11. Name the greatest producer of Nuclear
power.
Answer:
USA and Europe
12. Which type of energy is wind energy?
Answer:
Wind is an inexhaustible source of energy.
13. How are windmills used since times
immemorial?
Answer:
Windmills have been used for grinding grain and lifting water since times
immemorial.
14. Define Geothermal Energy.
Answer:
Heat energy obtained from Earth.
15. In which part of India there is a huge
tidal mill farms?
Answer:
In the Gulf of Kachchh.
16. Where in India are the geothermal plants
located?
Answer:
Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and Puga Valley in Ladakh.
17. How is firewood widely used?
Answer:
It is widely used for cooking and heating.
18. What are the 2 main conventional sources
of energy?
Answer:
Firewoods and fossil fuels.
19. Which is the most abundantly found fossil
fuel?
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel.
20. What is thermal power?
Answer:
Electricity from coal is called thermal power.
Short Answers Type
1. What are the uses of minerals?
Answer:
Minerals are used in many industries. Minerals which are used for gems are
usually hard. These are then set in various styles of jewellery. Copper is
another metal used in everything from coins to pipes, silicon used in computer
industry is obtained from quartz. Aluminium obtained from its ore bauxite is
used in automobiles and aeroplanes, bottling industry, buildings and even in
kitchen cookware.
2. How is the distribution of iron placed in
India?
Answer:
India has deposits of high-grade iron ore. The mineral is found mainly in
Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra and
Karnataka.
3. Name the major limestone producing states
in India.
Answer:
Major limestone producing states in India are Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
4. What is coal and why is coal referred to as
Buried Sunshine?
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel. It is used as a domestic fuel,
in industries such as iron and steel, steam engines and to generate
electricity. Electricity from coal is called Thermal Power.
The coal which we are using today was
formed millions of years ago when giant ferns and swamps got buried under the
layer of earth. Coal is therefore referred to as Buried Sunshine.
5.
Define Tidal Energy and where was the first tidal energy station built?
Answer: Energy generated from tides is called tidal energy. Tidal energy
can be harnessed by building dams at narrow openings of the sea. During high
tide the energy of the tides is used to turn the turbine installed in the dam
to produce electricity. Russia, France and Gulf of Kachchh in India have huge
tidal mill farms. The Ist tidal energy station was built in France.
6. How is petroleum found and what is
petroleum and its derivatives known as and why?
Answer:
Petroleum is found between the layers of rocks and is derived from oil fields
located in off shore and coastal areas. Then this is sent to refinery which
processes the crude oil and produces a variety of products. Petroleum and its
derivatives are called Black gold because they are valuable.
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