HISTORY-XII-THEME 4
THINKERS BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS
(QUE ANS)
______________________________________________________________
O.T.Q.
(1 Marks)
Q1. Write the name of Tripitika ?
Ans : Vinaya Pataka ,Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Patak
Q2. Who did provide money for the
preservation of the Stupa of Sanchi.
Ans: Shahjahan Begum Sultan Jahan Begum
Q3: John Marshall dedicated his
important volumes on Sanchi Stupas to whom ?
Ans: Sultan jahan
Q4: Jaina Teachers were known as
Ans: Tirthankaras.
Q5: Who was the first ‘ Bhikhuni ‘ in
Buddhism or foster mother of Buddha?
Ans: Maha prajapati Gautami
Q6: What was the birth place of Gautama
Buddha.
Ans: Lumbini
Q7: Were did he attain enlightment.
Ans : Bodh Gaya
Q8: Where did he give his first seraman.
Ans: Sarnath
Q 9: Where did he attain Nirvana ?
Ans: Kushi Nagar
Q10. Define Mahayana?
Ans : Mahayan: by the first century C.E.
there is evidence of changes in Buddhist way of thinking, which was called
Mahayana. Idol of Buddha was worshipped.
Q.11.Define Hinayana?
Ans.Hinayana: Those who adopted the older
tradition were known Hinayana.
Q.12.What is Vaishnavism?
Ans.Vaishnavism is a sect of Hinduism
within which Vishnu was worshipped as the principal deity.
Q.13.What is Shaivism?
Ans : Shaivism- A tradition within which
shiva was regarded as the chief god.
Q.14. What do you know about Tirthankars?
Ans. Those who guide men and women across
the river of existence.
Q.15 What is Tripitaka?
Ans. After Buddha's Death his teachings
were compiled by his disciples These compilations were known as Tripitaka.
Q.16. Begum of Bhopal
built............... and funded the..............
Ans Museum and guest house
Q 17. Rigveda was compiled in which
time period?
Ans 1500 to 1000 BCE
Q 18. Where the debate and discussion
took place?
Ans. Kutagrashala
Q 19. Who was 24 tirthankara?
Ans. Vardhaman Mahavira
Q. 20 What was the earlier name of
Gautam Buddha?
Ans. Siddartha
Q21. What do you mean by hagiography?
Ans. A biography of a saint or religious
leader is known as hagiography.
Q. 22. Buddha teaching have been
reconstructed from stories mainly found in...............
Ans. Suttapitaka
Q23. What were the last word to of
Buddha?
Ans. “ Be lamp unto ourselves as all of
you must work out your own liberation”
Q24. Describe the term theri’s?
Ans. Theories were women who entered in
sangha and became teacher of Dhamma and attained liberation.
Q25. What is Chaitya?
Ans. It derived from the word Chita
meaning funeral pyre and by extension a funerary mound.
Q26. What was the organisation of monks?
Ans. Sangha
Q27. Semi circular mound of earth is
known as in stupas?
Ans ANDA
Q28. Rules of sangha are mentioned in
which pitaka?
Ans. Vinaya pitaka
Q 29. Name the person who found
sculptures of Amaravati ruins and made drawings?
Ans. Colin Mackenzie
Q30. Three symbols to show Buddha
presence in Hinayana?
Ans. The empty seat, wheel , stupa, the
tree
Q31. Write down two sect of Buddhism?
Ans. Hinyana or Thervada and Mahayana
Q32. Who was Walter Elliot?
Ans. He was the commissioner of Guntur who
visited Amaravati and took many sculptures to Madras.
Q33. What does Shalabhanjika
symbolise?
Ans. A women whose touches cause trees to
flower and bear fruits.
Q34. Which temple is carved by a
single piece of rock?
Ans. Kailashanath temple.
Q35. Where the record of donations
for buildings stupas are found?
Ans. On railings and pillars
Q36. What do you mean by Harika and
Yashti?
Ans. Harmika A balcony like structure in stupa which
represent abide of God.
Yashti
A mast arising from balcony surmounted by an umbrella in stupas.
Q37. Match the philosophers with
their country
(I) Zarathustra (1)
China
(II) Kong zi (2)
India
(III) Socrates, plato, Aristotle
(3) Iran
(IV) Mahavira (4) Greece
Ans. (I)- (3), (II)-(1), (III)-(4),
(IV)-(2)
Q 38. Tell any two elaborate
sacrifice performed by kings.
Ans. Rajasuya, Ashwamedha
Q39. Jaina schoolers produced
literature in which languages.
Ans. Prakrit, Tamil and Sanskrit.
Q40. Name the principal deities of
Vedic tradition.
Ans Indra, Soma, Agni
Q41. Which God become popular in 600
AD.
Ans. Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh, Durga
Q42. Who question on the authority of
Vedas.
Ans. Buddha, and Mahavira
Q43. What was the key features of
early religious tradition.
Ans. Sacrifice and hymns in praise of
deities.
Q44. Buddhism spread in which
countries.
Ans. China, Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia
Q45. Amaravati presently in which
state and district.
Ans. Andhra Pradesh and Guntur district.
Q46. Who built the gate of Sanchi
stupa.
Ans.
An association of Ivory workers.
Q 47. Theory of social contract
belongs to which .
Ans. Buddhism
Q48. In which year Sanchi was declare
a world heritage site?
Ans- 1989
Q.49. Who lays the foundation of
National Museum and in which year?
Ans-Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1955
in Delhi.
Q.50. First stupas were built around
which period?
Ans-Third century BCE.
TIME LINE |
|
1814 |
Founding of the Indian
Museum, Calcutta |
1834 |
Publication of Essay
on the Architecture of the Hindus, by Ram Raja; Cunningham explores the stupa
at Sarnath |
1835-1842 |
James Fergusson
surveys major archaeological sites |
1851 |
Establishment of the
Government Museum, Madras |
1854 |
1854 Alexander
Cunningham publishes Bhilsa Topes, one of the earliest works on Sanchi |
1878 |
Rajendra Lala Mitra
publishes Buddha Gaya: The Heritage of Sakya Muni |
1880 |
H.H. Cole appointed
Curator of Ancient Monuments |
1888 |
Passing of the
Treasure Trove Act, giving the government the right to acquire all objects of
archaeological interest |
1914 |
John Marshall and
Alfred Foucher publish The Monuments of Sanchi |
1923 |
John Marshall
publishes the Conservation Manual |
1955 |
Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru lays the foundation stone of the National Museum, New Delhi |
1989 |
Sanchi declared a
World Heritage Site |
S.
A. (3 Marks)
Q.1.What were the main principles of
Jainism?
Ans.- The
entire world is animated
The
cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma.
Ahimsa
is the supreme virtue of this religion .
Q.2. What do you understand of early
Vedic Tradition?
Ans.- Early Vedic tradition known from the
Rig-Veda compiled between c. 1500 and 1000 B.C.E.
- The Rig-Veda consists of hymns in praise
of a variety of deities, especially Agni, Indra, and soma.
Q.3 What is the Jaina philosophy on
birth and rebirth?
Ans.-
(i) According
to Jainism the Cycle of Birth and Rebirth is shaped through karma.
(ii)
Asceticism and Penance are required to free oneself from this cycle.
(iii)
This can be achieved only by renouncing the world.
Q 4. How do we know about the
Buddha's Teachings?
Ans.- These have been reconstructed by
carefully editing, translating and analysing the Buddna's texts mentioned
earlier.
- Historians have also tried to
reconstruct details of his life from hagiographies.
Q.5. What do you mean by Dharma
Chakra Pravartana?
Ans.- Dharma Chakra Pravartana means to
set in motion the wheel of Dharma; the first religious discourse of sermon
delivered by Mahatma Buddha after attaining nirvana.
Q.6. Describe Hinayana and Manayana-
Ans : : by the first century C.E. there is
evidence of changes in Buddhist way of thinking which was called Mahayana. Idol
of Buddha was worshipped.Hinayana: Those who adopted the older tradition were
known as Hinayana.
Q.7. What is vaishnavism and shaivism?
Ans. Vaishnavism is from Hinduism within
which Vishnu was worshipped as the principal deity.
Shaivism- A tradition within which shiva
was regarded as the chief god.
Q.8. What do you mean by the
kutargarashala.
Ans.Teachers Travelled from Place to Place
trying to convince one another as philosophy or the way they understand the
world. Debates took place in the kutagarashala. Literally a hut with a pointed
roof.
Q.9.Write causes for the popularity
of Buddhism.
Ans.- Many people dissatisfied with existing
religious practices and confused by the rapid social changes taking place
around them.
- The importance to conduce and values
rather than claims of superiority bases on Birth.
- Younger and weaker than one self were
ideas that men and women to Buddhism were trained.
Q.10.Discuss the Role of the begums
of Bhopal in preserving the stupa of Sanchi.
Ans.- Sahajan Begum and Sultan Jahan Begum
provided money for the preservation of the ancient side.
- Sultan Jahan Begum funded the museum
that was built - Guest house was provided where John Marshal wrote the volume.
- She also funded the publication of the
volumes.
Q.11. Describe the unique features of
the early temples.
- The First Temples to House images of
gods and goddesses were also being built.
- The early temples were a small square
room called the garbhagriha.
- A Tall structure, known as the shikhara.
- Temple walls were after often decorated
with sculpure.
Q12.Why is the mid first millennium
BCE is regarded as a turning point in world history?
Ans.- This time emergence of Zarathustra
in Iran, Kongzi in china, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle in Greece
- Mahavira and Gautama Buddha among many
others in India, tried to understand the mysteries of existence and the
relationship between human beings and the cosmic order.
L.
A. (8 Marks)
Q.28
Describe the factors that led to the growth of Puranic Hinduism in India During
6th century BCE.
Ans.-
Concept of Saviour was not unique to Buddhism we find similar Ideas being
developed in Hinduism.
-
These included Vaishnavism and Shaivism.
-
In such worship the bond between the devotee and the god was visualized as one
of love and devotion or bhakti.
-
Vaishnavism cults developed around the various avatars.
-
Recognizing each of these local deities as a form of Vishnu.
-
Shiva for instance was symbolized by the linga.
-
To understand the meanings of sculptures. Historians have to be familiar with
the stories.
-
Women and shudras who did not have access to Vedic learning.
-
Much of what is contained in the puranas evolved through int
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