GEOGRAPHY (IX) -LESSON-1
INDIA SIZE AND LOCATION
(LESSON NOTES)
__________________________________________________________
v INTRODUCTION
Ø India
is one of the ancient civilisations in the world. It has achieved multi-faceted
socio economic progress during the last five decades.
v INDIA-LOCATION
Ø India
is a vast country. It lay entirely in the Northern hemisphere.
Ø Its
main land extends between latitudes 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes 68°7’E and
97°25’E.
Ø India
is bounded by Himalaya in north Indian ocean in south, Bay of Bengal in east
and Arabian sea in west side.
v INDIA-SIZE
Ø The
total area of our country is 3.28 million sq. km which account 2.4 Percent of
the world geographical area.
Ø India
is the seventh largest country of the world.
Ø India
has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coast line
of the mainland including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km
Ø Its
length from East to west is 2933 KM and North to south is 3214KM.
Ø The
latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is about 30°.
v INDIA CONNECT WITH THE WORLD
Ø The
Indian landmass has a central location between the East and the West Asia.
Ø The
Trans Indian Ocean routes connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries
of East Asia.
Ø Deccan
Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, also helping India to establish
close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe.
Ø India
has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean. So India Ocean has the name on India.
INDIA ROUTES |
v IMPORTANCE
OF THESE ROUTES
Ø These
routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient
times.
Ø The
ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the
Indian numerals and the decimal system could reach many parts of the world.
Ø The
spices, muslin and other merchandise were reached to different countries.
Ø The influence of Greek sculpture and the
architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia also reach to India.
v INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
Ø India
share its boundary with other country like
§ Pakistan
and Afghanistan in the northwest,
§ China
(Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north
§ Myanmar
and Bangladesh in the east.
§ Our
southern neighbors across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely
Sri Lanka and Maldives
· Sri
Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk
Strait and the Gulf of Mannar
· Maldives
Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands.
v INDIA’S ADMINSTRATIVE DIVISION
Ø States-
29 states
§ New
states-
§ Telangaana-2014
§ Chattisgarh-2000
§ Jahrkhand-2000
§ Uttaranchal
after that renamed as Uttarakhand-2000
Ø Union
Territories-9
Sr
no
|
Name
of UT
|
capital
|
1
|
Andaman
and Nicobar Islands
|
|
2
|
Chandigarh
|
|
3
|
Daman
and Diu
|
|
4
|
Dadra
and Nagar Haveli
|
|
5
|
Lakshadweep
|
|
6
|
||
7
|
Puddcherry
|
|
8
|
Ladakh
|
|
9
|
Jammu
and Kashmir
|
|
v INDIAN
STANDARD TIME
Ø Every
country fixes their time according to their own meridian line which is known as
standard time. India time is fixed according to 82 degree 30” East Longitude
that is known Indian standard time. It is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead from
International Standard time.It is selected as IST because-
§ It
is almost pass through the middle of India(Allahabd)
§ India
extends nearly 30 degree from East to West so there is difference nearly 2
hours in local time (according to sun) of Gujarat and Arunchal Pradesh.
§ But
the is time fixed according to Local time of 82.30” E Longitude so all watch
show the same time throughout India.
v SOME
FACTS
Ø The
southernmost point of the Indian Union is Indira Point got
submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.
Ø Due
to the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has been reduced by
7,000 km.
Ø Before
1947, there were two types of states in India. The provinces and the Princely
states.
Ø Provinces
were ruled directly by British officials who were appointed by the Viceroy.
Princely states were ruled by local, hereditary rulers,
Ø Largest
State-Rajasthan, Smallest state- Goa
Ø Largest
countries- Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil, Australia,
India.
Ø Duration
of the day depend on the distance of place from equator. On equator Day and
Night almost equal.
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