GEOGRAPHY (IX) -LESSON-1 INDIA SIZE AND LOCATION (LESSON NOTES)

GEOGRAPHY (IX) -LESSON-1

INDIA SIZE AND LOCATION

(LESSON NOTES)

__________________________________________________________

v INTRODUCTION

Ø India is one of the ancient civilisations in the world. It has achieved multi-faceted socio economic progress during the last five decades.

v INDIA-LOCATION

Ø India is a vast country. It lay entirely in the Northern hemisphere.

Ø Its main land extends between latitudes 8°4’N and 37°6’N and longitudes 68°7’E and 97°25’E.

Ø The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts.

INDIA

Ø India is bounded by Himalaya in north Indian ocean in south, Bay of Bengal in east and Arabian sea in west side.

          

v INDIA-SIZE

Ø The total area of our country is 3.28 million sq. km which account 2.4 Percent of the world geographical area.

Ø India is the seventh largest country of the world.

Ø India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the total length of the coast line of the mainland including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km

Ø Its length from East to west is 2933 KM and North to south is 3214KM.

Ø The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is about 30°.

v INDIA CONNECT WITH THE WORLD

Ø The Indian landmass has a central location between the East and the West Asia.

Ø The Trans Indian Ocean routes connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia.

Ø Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, also helping India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa and Europe.

Ø India has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean. So India Ocean has the name on India. 

INDIA ROUTES

v IMPORTANCE OF THESE ROUTES

Ø These routes have contributed in the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times.

Ø The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system could reach many parts of the world.

Ø The spices, muslin and other merchandise were reached to different countries.

Ø  The influence of Greek sculpture and the architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Asia also reach to India.

v INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS

Ø India share its boundary with other country like

§  Pakistan and Afghanistan in the northwest,

§  China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north

§  Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east.

§  Our southern neighbors across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Sri Lanka and Maldives

·       Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar

·       Maldives Islands are situated to the south of the Lakshadweep Islands.

v INDIA’S ADMINSTRATIVE DIVISION

Ø States- 29 states

§  New states-

§  Telangaana-2014

§  Chattisgarh-2000

§  Jahrkhand-2000

§  Uttaranchal after that renamed as Uttarakhand-2000

Ø Union Territories-9

Sr no	Name of UT	capital
1	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Port Blair
2	Chandigarh	Chandigarh
3	Daman and Diu	Daman
4	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	silvassa
5	Lakshadweep	Kavaratti
6	National Capital Territory of Delhi	New Delhi
7	Puddcherry	Pondicherry
8	Ladakh	Leh, Kargil
9	Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer Capital)   Jammu (Winter Capital)

v INDIAN STANDARD TIME

Ø Every country fixes their time according to their own meridian line which is known as standard time. India time is fixed according to 82 degree 30” East Longitude that is known Indian standard time. It is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead from International Standard time.It is selected as IST because-

§  It is almost pass through the middle of India(Allahabd)

§  India extends nearly 30 degree from East to West so there is difference nearly 2 hours in local time (according to sun) of Gujarat and Arunchal Pradesh.

§  But the is time fixed according to Local time of 82.30” E Longitude so all watch show the same time throughout India.

v SOME FACTS

Ø The southernmost point of the Indian Union is Indira Point got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.

Ø Due to the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has been reduced by 7,000 km.

Ø Before 1947, there were two types of states in India. The provinces and the Princely states.

Ø Provinces were ruled directly by British officials who were appointed by the Viceroy. Princely states were ruled by local, hereditary rulers,

Ø Largest State-Rajasthan, Smallest state- Goa

Ø Largest countries- Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil, Australia, India.

Ø Duration of the day depend on the distance of place from equator. On equator Day and Night almost equal.