THEME
-15
FRAMING
THE CONSTITUTION
The
beginning of a new Era
OTQ (1 MARKS)
Q.1. When was the
Indian constitution framed?
Ans. The Indian
constitution was framed in between 9 December 1946 to 26 November 1949.
Q.2. What was the
Instrument of accession?
Ans. Princely states
acceded to India by signing an instrument of accession.
Q.3. Why did Mahatma
Gandhi think Hindustani should be the national language?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi
felt that Hindustani was a language that the common people could easily understand.
Q.4. What is the
importance of the preamble to the Indian constitution?
Ans. It states the
nature of the Indian state which is sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republic.
Q.5. What are the
recommendations of the Constituent Assembly of India regarding the protection of depressed castes?
Ans. DR. Ambedkar
demanded separate constituencies for the depressed classes.
Q.6. What was the
ideals expressed in the Objectives Resolutions?
Ans. India was declared
as independent sovereign republic.
Q.7. Who thought
Hindusthani should be the national language?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi
Q.8. What are the
ideals of the objective Resolution presented by Jawaharlal Nehru?
Ans. 1.India as
sovereign republic.
2. Justice, equality
and fraternity.
3. Safeguards to
minorities.
4. Democracy,
socialism, peace, human welfare.
Q.9. Write the
significance of Indian constitution.
Ans. 1.Largest Democracy.
2. Secular nation.
3. Fundamental rights
to all citizens.
Q.10. Why was
constituent assembly constituted?
Q.11. When was the
first and last meeting of constituent assembly was held?
Ans-The first meeting
of constituent assembly was held on 9 Dec, 1946 and last 24 Nov 1949.
Q-12. When the Indian
constitution came into effect?
Ans- The Indian
constitution came into effect on 26th Jan. 1950.
Q-13. Indian Constituent
Assembly was framed on the basis of which plan?
Ans-Cabinet Mission
Plan
Q-14. Write down the
total no of constituent Assembly.
Ans-The total members of
the constituent Assembly were 300.
Q-15. Who was the
president of Constituent Assembly?
Ans- Dr Rajendra Prasad
Q-16. Who was the
chairman of Drafting committee?
Ans- On 29 August 1947
Drafting committee was formed. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting
Committee and played important role in constitution assembly.
Q-17. Who and when moved
the "Objective Resolution" in the constituent Assembly.
ANS-
On the 13 Dec. 1946 Nehru moved the "Objective Resolution" in the
constituent Assembly.
Q-18. When the interim government
was made under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru?
Ans- An interim
Government was made 2 Sept 1946 under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.
Q-19. Which three
topics were vigorous debated in the constituent assembly?
Ans-1.On the power of
the central Government and the state.
2. The language issue was debated for many months in the
constituent assembly.
3. On the separate electorate.
Q-20. The communist
leader who saw the dark hand of British imperialism hanging over deliberation of constituent
assembly.
Ans-Somnath Lahri
Q-21. “The British
elements is gone , but have left the mischief behind”are the word of which leader.
Ans-Vallabh Bahi Patel
Q-22. The congress
leader who had led and armed struggle against the British?
Ans- Subhash Chandra
Bose (INA)
Q-23. Two parties that
boycotted to join constituent assembly.
Ans- Socialist and
Muslim League.
Q-24. Who were the
congress trio?
Ans- Sardar Vallabh
Bahi Patel, J.L. Nehru, Rajendra Prasad
Q-25. Who was the
constituent adviser of assembly.
Ans- B. N Rao- Constituent
Adviser and SN Mukherjee-Chief Draughtsman
Q-26. Who compared
separate electorate to a poison which has enterd our body politics?
Ans- Sardar Vallabh
Bahi Patel
Q-27. The rights of the
state were most eloquently defended by………….
Ans- K Santhanam.
Q-28.Jaipal Singh a
gifted orator was representing the rights of…………….
Ans- Tribals
Q-29. Who plea for continuing
separate electorates?
Ans-B. Pocker Bahadur
Q-30 Two members who
spoke for depressed caste?
Ans- J. Nagappa from
Madras and K. j. Khanderkar from central province.
Q-31. Three acts that
were passed for Indian participation in provincial government in which years?
Ans- 1909, 1919, 1935.
Q-32. The leader of
peasant movement who was the supporter of the poor and downtrodden?
Ans- N Ranga.
Q-33. Who said the
separate electorate is not just harmful for the nation but harmful for the minorities?
Ans-G.B. Pant
Q-34. Two challenge for
the constitution makers?
Ans- Partition, refugees
and princely states.
Q-35. How many days it
takes to complete the constitution?
Ans-2 years, 11 months,
18 days 11 session and sitting of 165 days
Q-36. Write down these events
in chronological order.
(i) Constituent Assembly formation , (ii) Forming
of Drafting Committee, (iii)India got freedom, (iv) Quit India, (v) Rebel of
Royal Indian Navy
Ans- iv, v, i, iii, ii
Facts-
|
·
Constituent
Assembly first meeting-9 dec 1946 on the basis of Cabinet Mission Plan
|
|
·
Members-389
|
|
·
President-Dr
Rajendra Prasad
|
|
·
Head of
drafting committee-B r Ambedkar
|
|
·
Constitutional
Advisers-BN Rao
|
|
·
Moved the
object resolution-on 13 dec 1946, by Jawaharlal Nehru
|
|
·
Duration-2
months 11 Months 11 days
|
|
·
Constitution
was completed-26 November 1946
|
|
·
Implemented or
enacted-26 January 1950
|
|
·
Constituent
assembly held 11 session, sitting 165 days
|
|
·
Head of interim
government- Jawaharlal Nehru
|
|
·
J.L Nehru
speech on 14 August-Long years ago we mad a tryst with destiny and………
|
|
·
Montague
Chemsford reform- 1919 act which allowed representation in legislative
assemblies.
|
|
·
Muslim league
joins interim government- 13oct, 1946
|
Persons
in the constituent Assembly
|
Sr no
|
Persons
|
Ideas and
|
|
1
|
Somnaths Lahiri (communist)
|
Constituent assembly should free
from the influence of imperial rule.
|
|
2
|
B Pocker Bhadur(madras)
|
Powerful plea for continuing
separate electorates.
|
|
3
|
R V Dhulekar
|
Aggressive plea for Hindi
language
|
|
4
|
G B PANT
|
Countering the demand of separate
electorates
|
|
5.
|
Saradr Vallabh Patel
|
Strong Center
|
|
6
|
N G Ranga
|
Minorities to interpreted in
economic terms
|
|
7
|
Jaipal singh
|
Protection for Adivasis
|
|
8
|
B R Ambedkar
|
Rights for depressed class
|
|
9
|
K Santhanam
|
Strong State
|
|
10
|
B R Ambedkar
|
Strong Nation
|
|
11
|
J. L Nehru
|
Strong center
|
|
12
|
Shrimati G Durgabai
|
Against the domination of Hindi
|
|
13
|
T A Ramalingam Chettiar
|
Hindi would not implant by
forcibly
|
|
14
|
Hansa Mehta
|
Demand justice for women
|
S.A. (3 Marks)
Q.1. Why did Mahatma
Gandhi believe that Hindustani should be the official language of India?
And. 1. Because, it was
the language of common people.
2. Most of the regional
language of India was very close to the Hindustani.
3. It was a combination
of sensitized Hindi and Persianised Urdu.
4. It was a
multi-cultural language.
Q.2. Why was Govind
Ballabh Pant against the separate electorate?
Ans. 1.Because this
will isolate the minorities from the rest of the community.
2. Majorities will
never convert to majority.
3. He was against the
divide loyalties.
Q.3. Give some
arguments in favor of a strong center.
Ans. 1.For peace, low
and order.
2. Strong position of
country in the international sphere.
3. To stop communal
powers and terrorism.
4. National Security.
Q.4. What is the
significance or importance of the preamble to the Indian constitution?
Ans. The preamble of
the Indian constitution is significant in the following ways:-
1. It indicates the
sources from which the constitution springs i.e. ‘we the people of India.’
2. It states the nature
of the Indian state which is sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic
and republic.
3. It states the basic
objectives which the Government must strive for.
4. The preamble is also
helpful in the interpretation of the constitution.
Q.5. How was the center made more powerful and strong by the constituent Assembly?
Ans. Most of the
members of the constituent assembly were in favour of strong central government
for India. Even Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru wanted a strong center as he felt. Writing
a letter to the president of the constituent assembly, that “it would be
injurious to the interests of the country to provide for a weak central
authority” He was, in fact, convinced that only a strong central government could
ensure peace and stability.
The following points
make it clear that several attempts were made the center more strong and powerful;
1] The Union list
contained more subjects than the state list.
2] Regarding the
concurrent list, the center and the state shared responsibility. But in case of
any disputes centre’s decision is recommended.
Q.6. Examine the
recommendations of the constituent Assembly of India regarding the protection to be given to the depressed
castes.
Ans. During the freedom
struggle Dr. Ambedkar demanded separate constituencies for the depressed classes.
Mahatma Gandhi opposed it by saying that it will segregate them from the mainstream
of the society. The issue was much debated in the constituent Assembly.At last
the constituent Assembly suggested the following.
A] Untouchability will
be eradicated,
B] The Hindu temples
will be opened to people belonging to all castes.
C] Seats will be
reserved for backward classes in the Assemblies and Educational Institutions.
Q.7- How was the term minority defined by different
groups?
- N.G. Ranga said: the real
minorities are the masses of this country.
- These people are so depressed and
oppressed and suppressed till now that they are not able to take advantage
of the ordinary civil rights.
- He particularly referred to the
tribal people. Jaipal Singh also supported the views of N. G. Ranga
Q. 8- What were problems of princely state?
1.
There were 562 princely states when The Indian Independence Act, 1947.
2.
They had given freedom to join India or Pakistan or to declare
themselves complete independent as a sovereign state.
3.
This was a challenge before
leaders how to consolidate all state.
Q.9-
What arguments given by the Mr. K. Santhanam in favour of more power to states?
Ans- a) K Santhanam was opposed to the centre being vested
with more power. He felt that an over burdened centre could not be able to
fulfil its responsibilities in an effective manner.
b) He was not happy with the proposed allocation of power
between the centre and the states. He felt that such a distribution of power
would cripple the state.
Q.10- What arguments were given by the Mr. Gopal swami Ayyangar in
favour of strong Centre?
Following arguments were given by the Mr. Gopal Swami
in favour of strong centre.
i.
Strong centre could plan for the well being of the country
Q.11- What historical forces shaped the
vision of the Constitution?
Following historical forces
shaped the vision of the constitution-
i.
Certain basic values were accepted by all national leaders that’s why
Nehru report and the fundamental rights resolution passed by the Karachi
session.
ii.
Universal adult Franchise, right to freedom and equality and protection
of minority rights.
iii.
Due to 1937 election and formation of government helped in developing an
agreement over institutional design.
iv.
Government of India act 1935
v. French revolution, USA bill of right
and the Russian revolution
Q.12-Why was the new
constitution of Independent India enforced on 26 January 1950?
Ans-When in 1929 at Lahore INC took pledge of complete
independence it was also decided to celebrate Independence Day on 26 Jan. Every
year to remember this legacy Indian
constitution enforced on 26 January
1950.
Q.13- What arguments were given by the Mr. Pocker
Bahadur for continuing the separate electorates?
Mr Pokar Bahadur gave following arguments
in favour of continuing the separate electorate:
Minorities
exists in all line they couldn’t be erased out of existence, The need was to
create a political framework in which minorities could live in harmony with
others, this was possible only if minorities were well represented within the
political system, only separate electorates could ensure that Muslims had a
meaningful voice in the governance of the country.
Q.14.- Write a short note on armed struggle of Subhas
Chandra Bose.
After resigning from the post of Congress
President Subhash Chandra Bose founded Forward Bloc. During 2nd
World War with the help of Mohan Singh Bhakhana he founded the Indian National
Army. The aim was to secure Indian independence with Japanese assistance. The
INA was also at the forefront of the womens’equality and the formation of
womens’resiment. INA fought along with
the imperial Japani against the British and the commonwealth forces in the
campaign in Burma, Imphal and Kohima and later against the successful Burma
campaign of the allies. The end of the war saw a large number of troops
repatriated to India where some faced trial for treason and become a
galvanising point of Indian Independence Movement.
Q.No.15- What are the silent features of Indian
constitution?
a) One central
feature of constitution there was substantial agreement. This was on the
granting of vote to every adult Indian. This was shown unprecedented faith in
democracy.
b)
Second important features of the constitution was its emphasis on secularism,
operationally.
c) Fundamental rights to all citizens
d)
Directive Principles
e) Reservation
for oppressed classes in legislature and in govt jobs.
L. A. (8 Marks)
Q.1-What was the ‘language controversy, before the Constitution
Assembly and how did it seek
to resolve the controversy?
LanguageControversy:
Hindustani
(Hindi+Urdu) started getting separate due to communal parties.
· Language became politicized for communal identity.
· R.V. Dhulkar supported Hindi to be made language of
the Constitution.
· It created a furor (debate) in the Constituent Assembly
which was mediated by Pt.Jawaharlal
Nehru.
Solutions:
· Proceeded slow to make Hindi as the National Language.
· Some supported official work to be continued for 15
years in English.
· After implementation of the Constitution and Provinces to choose
regional language for daily work.
· Constituent Assembly
:
i. Hindi – Not National Language.
ii. But not Rajbhasha
Q.2. What were the
challenges before the constituent assembly?
Ans. 1. In India there
was different languages, religiousness cultures.
2. Country was going
through constitutional turmoil.
3. The problem with
separate electorates.
4. The division of
rights between state and central government.
5. The language of the
Nation (National Language).
6. The problem of SC/CT
and other depressed castes.
Q.3. What were the
ideals expressed in the Objectives Resolutions?
Ans. The objectives
resolution was presented in the constituent assembly on 13th Dec 1946 by Jawaharlal
Nehru. It outlined and defined the ideals and objectives of the constitution
which are as follows:
(1) India was declared
as independent sovereign republic.
(2) It assured Justice,
equality, liberty and fraternity to all its citizens.
(3) It provided
adequate safeguards to minorities. It also referred to the well–being of the backward and depressed classes.
(4) India would combine
the liberal ideas of democracy with the socialist idea of economic justice.
(5) India would adopt
that form of government which would be acceptable to its people. No imposition
from the British would be accepted by the Indian people.
(6) India would be a
federation.
(7) India would work
for world peace and human welfare.
Q.4. Why did Mahatma
Gandhi think Hindusthani should be the national language?
Ans. A. Mahatma Gandhi
felt that Hindusthani was a language that the common people could easily
understand.
B. Hindustan which was a
blend of Hindi and Urdu was popular among a large section of the People.
Moreover it was a composite language enriched by the interaction of diverse
cultures.
C. Over the years words
and terms from many different sources had been incorporated into this language
making it easily understood by people from various regions.
D. According to Mahatma
Gandhi Hindusthani would be the ideal language of communication between diverse
communities. It would help to unify Hindus and Muslims and the people from the
north and south.
E. From the end of the
19th century onwards language became associated with the politics of religious
identities. Hindustani also began to change but Gandhiji retained his faith in
the composite character of Hindustani.
SOURCE BASED QUESTION
“I believe separate
electorates will be suicidal to the minorities”
During the debate on 27
August 1947, Govind Ballabh Pant said:
I believe separate
electorates will be suicidal to the minorities and will do them tremendous harm. If they are
isolated forever, they can never convert themselves into a majority and the
feeling of frustration will
cripple them even from the very beginning. What is it that you desire and what
is our ultimate objective?
Do the minorities or do they ever expect to form an integral part of a great nation and as such to
guide and control its destinies? If they do, can they ever achieve that aspiration and that
ideal if they are isolated from the rest of the community? I think it would be
extremely dangerous for
them if they were segregated from the rest of the community and kept aloof in an air-tight
compartment where they would have to reply on others even for the air they
breathe …The minorities if they
are returned by separate electorates can never have any effective voice.
i) What do you
understand by ‘separate electorate’? 2 marks
ii) What was the view
of G.B.Pant to the aspect of ‘separate electorate’? 2 marks
iii) Why was G.B.Pant
against this demand? Give three reasons. 2 marks
SOURCE BASED QUESTION
THERE CANNOT BE ANY
DIVIDED
Gobind Ballabh pant
argued that in order to become loyal citizens, people had to stop focusing only on the community and
the self:
For the success of the
democracy one must train him in the art of self- discipline. In democracies one should care less
for him and more for others. There cannot be any divided loyalty. All loyalties must exclusively be
centered on the state. If in a democracy, you create rival loyalties, or you
create a system in which any
individual or group, instead of suppressing his extravagance, cares not for larger or other
interest, then democracy is doomed.
i. Why G.B. Pant wanted
to see people as loyal citizens? 2 marks
ii. What are criteria
for the success of democracy? 2 marks
iii. How does G.B. Pant
define the attributes of a loyal citizen? 2 marks
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